43. KITAB FEE AL ISTIQRAAD
KARZ LENE , UTARNE , TASREEF SE ROKNE OR DEEWALIA QARAR DENE KE AHKAM
BAAB: 1.JIS NE KOI CHIZ UDHAR KHARIDI JABKE USKE PASS BILKUL YA BARWAQT KUCH NAHI HAl
Hazrat Jabir Bin Abdullah r.a. se riwayat hai, unhone kaha ke main ek jungle mein Nabi ﷺ ka humrah tha, Aapne mere oonth ke mutalliq pucha : "Tum use kaisa paa rahe ho? Kya tum usey mere haath bechte ho?" Main ne arz kiya : Ji haan, chunancha main ne wo oonth aapko farokhat kar diya. Jab aap Madina Taiba tashreef laye toh main Aapki khidmat mein Oonth lekar hazir hua. Aapne mujhe uski qeemat ada kardi.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2385.
Hazrat Aamash bayan karte hain ke humne Ibrahim Nakhee r.a.. ke haan bayee Salam (Qarz) mein girwi rakhne ka zikr kiya toh unhone farmaya : Mujhse Masood ne bayan kiya ke Hazrat A'isha r.a. se riwayat hai , wo Nabi ﷺ se bayan karti hain ke aapne ek yahudi se ek moaiyyan muddat ke liye ( Adhar Par) Gallah kharida aur uske pass lohe ki zirah girwi rakh di.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2386.
BAAB : 2. JO SHAKSH QARZ KE TAUR PAR LOGON SE UNKA MAAL ADA KARNE Kl NIYYAT SE
LE AAYA USEY HAZAM KARNE Kl NIYYAT SE LE
Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a. se riwayat hai, wo Nabi ﷺ se bayan karte hain ke aapne farmaya : 'Jo shaksh logon se maal us niyat se leta hai ke wo uski adayegi karega toh Allah usey ada karne ki taufeeq dega aur jo shaksh logon ka maal zaya kardene ke irade se lega toh Allah usko zaya kardega'.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2387
BAAB : 3. QARZON KA ADA KARNA
Irshad Bari TA'ALA hai : Allah tumhein hukm deta hai ke tum amanatein unke haq daaroon ko ada karo. Aur jab logon ke darmiayan faisla karo toh adal wa insaf se faisla karo. Bila shuba Allah tumhein bahut acchi baat ki nasihat karta hai. Yaqeenan Allah sab kuch sunne wala sab kuch dekhne wala hai".
Hazrat Abuzar r.a. se riwayat hai, unhone kaha: Main ek martaba Nabi ﷺ ka humraah tha, aapne ahad pahar ko dekh kar farmaya : "Main nahi chahta ke ye pahad mere liye sone ka ban jaye toh teen din ke baad ek dinar bhi usme se mere pass baqi rahe magar wo dinar jise main ne qarz ki adayegi ke liye rakh liya ho". Phir Aapne farmaya : "Beshak jo daulatmand hain akhirat me unka hissa kam hoga magar wo shaksh jo maal ko yaha waha (Allah ki raah me) kharch kare, Lekin aise log bahut kam hain". Phir Aap ﷺ ne farmaya : 'Tum yahin thahro". Fir Aap thodi dur aage badh gaye, chunancha main ne kuch awaaz suni toh udhar jana chaha lekin mujhe aapka farman yaad aagaya ke "Yahin thahre rahna jab tak main tumhare paas na aajao". Jab Aap wapas aaye toh maine arz kiya : "Allah ke Rasul! Yeh awaaz kaisi thi jo main ne suni ? Aapne farmaya : "Mere pass Jibrael aaye the, Unhone kaha : Aap ki ummat mein se jo shaksh us halat mein faut ho ke wo Allah ke sath shirk na karta ho toh wo Jannat mein dakhil hoga". Main ne arz kiya: Agarche wo aise aise kaam karta ho (chauri aur zina)? Aapne farmaya : 'Haan' (Tab bhi Jannat mein zarur jayega )'.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2388.
Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a.. se riwayat hai, unhone kaha ke RasoolAllah ﷺ ne farmaya : "Agar mere pass ahad pahar ke barabar sona ho toh mujhe yeh pasand nahin ke mujh par teen din guzar jaye aur us mein se koi chiz mere pass baqi rahe. Haan, Qarz ki adayegi ke liye kuch rakh lo toh aur baat hai".
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2389.
BAAB : 4. OONTH KARZ LENA
Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a.. se riwayat hai ke ek shaksh ne RasoolAllah ﷺ se apne qarz ka taqaza kiya toh usne taqaza karne mein sakhti se kaam liya. RasoolAllah ﷺ ke sahaba karaam uski taraf lapke toh aapne farmaya:
Usey chaurdo kyunki sahab e haq ko baat karne ka haq hai. Uske liye koi Oonth kharido aur usey dedo ". Sahaba Karaam ne kaha : Humein toh uske Oonth ( Ki Umar) se zayada Umar ka Oonth milta hai. Aap ﷺ ne farmaya : "Wohi Khareed lo aur usey de do kyunki tum mein se behtar wo shaksh hai jo adayegi ke aitbaar se behtar hai".
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2390.
BAAB : 5. NARMI SE QARZ KA MUTALBAH KARNA
Hazrat Huzifa r.a.. se riwayat hai, unhone kaha ke main ne Nabi ﷺ ko yeh farmate huye suna : 'Ek shaksh mar gya toh usse pucha gaya : Tum kya karte the? Usne kaha ke main logon se lain-dain karta tha, j0 log kushada haal hote unse darguzar karta aur jo log tang-dast hote unka bojh halka kar deta tha. Toh uske gunah muaf kardiye gaye.
Hazrat Abu Masood r.a. kahte hain : "Mainne yeh hadees Nabi ﷺ se khud suni hai."
Sahih Al Bukhari
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2391.
BAAB : 6. KYA QARZ KE OONTH KE EVOZ USSE ZAYADA UMAR KA OONTH DIYA JA SAKTA HAl ?
Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a.. se riwayat hai, unhone kaha ke ek shaksh Nabi ﷺ ki khidmat mein hazir hua aur usne apna oonth wapas lene ka taqaza kiya. RasoolAllah ﷺ ne farmaya : "Usey Oonth do". Sahaba karaam ne arz
kiya : Humein toh uske oonth se badi Umar ka behtar Oonth milta hai. Tab wo shaksh Kahne Iaga : Aap ne mera pura haq ada kar diya hai, Allah aapko uska pura pura badla de. RasoolAllah ﷺ ne farmaya : "Usey wohi Oonth de do Kyun ke acche log wahi hain jo acchi tarah qarz ada karte hain".
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No. 43 Hadith 2392.
BAAB : 7 - ACCHI TARAH SE QARZ ADA KARNA
Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a. se riwayat hai, unhone farmaya ke ek shaksh ka Nabi ﷺ ke zimme ek khaas Umar ka Oonth wajib alada tha. Jab wo aapse taqaza karne aaya toh aapne farmaya : "Usey Oonth de do". Sahaba Karaam r.a. ne us Umar ka Oonth talash kiya toh na mil saka balke usse zayada Umar ka Oonth dastayab hua , Toh wo shaksh kahne laga aapne mujhe pura haq de diya hai Allah aap ko uska pura pura sawab de. Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya : "Tum mein se behtareen wo log hain jo adayegi ke lehaz se behtareen hain'.
Sahih Al Bukhari
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2393.
Hazrat Jabir Bin Abdullah r.a. se riwayat hai, unhone kaha ke mein ek dafa Nabi ﷺ ki khidmat mein hazir hua, Aap us waqt masjid mein tashreef farma the. (Raawi e Hadees, Hazrat Mas'ar kate hain ke mere gumaan ke mutabiq wo Chasht (forenoon) ka waqt tha.) Aap ﷺ ne mujhse farmaya : " Do rakat ada karo". Mera Aap ke jimme kuch Qarz that toh aapne wo ada kiya aur mujhe kuch zayada bhi diya.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2394.
BAAB : 8. AGAR KOI DUSRE KA HAQ KAM ADA KARE YA USSE MUAF KARA LE TOH YE JAYEZ HAl
Hazrat Jabir Bin Abdullah r.a. se riwayat hai ke unke walid Ghazwa e Uhud mein Shaheed ho gaye the aur un par qarz tha toh qarz khawano ne huqooq talbi mein sakhti se kaam liya. Main Nabi ﷺ ki khidmat mein Hazir hua toh aapne qarz khawano se farmaya ke wo unke baagh ka Fal qubool kar lein aur unke walid ko qarz se bari kardein. Lekin
unlogon ne usse inkar kar diya. Nabi ﷺ ne unhe mera baagh na diya balke mujhse se farmaya : "Main kull tumhare baagh mein aaunga". Chunancha Aap ﷺ subah tashreef laye to mere baagh ka pura chakkar lagaya aur uske Fal mein barkat ki dua farmayi. Uske baad main ne Fal utara, us mein se qarz khwahno ka qarz bhi ada kar diya aur hamare liye kuch khajurein bach bhi gayein.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2395.
BAAB : 9. QARZ KI ADAYEGI MEIN PURAY TAUL YA ANDAZE SE KHAJOORON YA KISI OR CHIZ KE BADLE KHAJOOREIN DE TOH JAYEZ HAl
Wahab Bin Kisan kahte hain ke Hazrat Jabir Bin Abdullah r.a. ne unhein bataya ke unke walid jab faut huye toh unpar ek yahudi ka tees Awsuq qarz tha. Hazrat Jabir r.a. ne us se muhlat talab ki toh usse mohlat dene se inkar kar diya. Hazrat Jabir r.a. ne RasoolAllah ﷺ se arz kiya ke Aap yahudi se uski sifarish kare, Chunanche RasoolAllah ﷺ Yahudi ke pass tashreef Le gaye aur usse ghuftugu ki ke wo apne qarz ke evaz us (Jabir) ke baagh ke khajurein le le toh usne inkar kar diya. Tab RasoolAllah ﷺ baagh mein tashreef le gaye aur uska chakkar lagaya , phir Hazrat Jabir
r.a. se farmaya : "Uska Fal taur kar uska qarz ada karo". Chunanche Hazrat Jabir r.a. ne RasoolAllah ﷺ ke wapas jane ke baad Fal toda aur Yahudi ke tees Awsuq pure de diye. Unke pass sattarah Awsuq khajur baaqi bach gayi. Uske baad Hazrat Jabir r.a. RasoolAllah ﷺ ki khidmat mein hazir huye taa ke aapse yeh waqiah bayan kare . Unhone RasoolAllah ﷺ ko Asar ki namaz parhte huye paya. Jab aap namaz se farigh huye toh Hazrat Jabir r.a. ne aapse khajur ke baaqi bachay rahne ka zikr kiya, Aap ﷺ ne farmaya : "Ibn Khattab r.a. ko isse aagha karo". Chunancha
Hazrat Jabir r.a. Hazrat Umar r.a. ke pass aaye aur uski khabar di toh unhone farmaya ke jab RasoolAllah ﷺ ne bagh ka chakkar lagaya tha aur mujhe usi waqt yaqeen ho gaya tha ke Allah usmein zarur barkat farmayega.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2396.
BAAB: 10. JISNE QARZ SE PANAH MANGI
Hazrat A'isha r.a. se riwayat hai , unhone bataya ke RasoolAllah ﷺ dauran namaz mein dua kiya karte the : "Aye Allah ! Main gunah aur qarz se teri panah mangta hun ". Kisi ne arz kiya : Allah ke Rasool! Aap qarz se bakasrat panah kyun mangte hain? Aap ﷺ ne farmaya : "Aadmi jab Qarz me hota hai toh baat baat par jhut bolta hai aur waada karta hai toh uski khilaf warzi karta hai ".
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2397.
BAAB: 11- US SHAKSH KI NAMAZ JANAZAH JO QARZ CHOR KAR MARA
Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a. se riwayat hai, wo Nabi ﷺ se bayan karte hain ke Aap ne farmaya : 'Jisne koi maal chora toh wo uske waris ka haq hai aur jisne koi bojh (Ahal wa aayaal) chora toh wo hamare zimme hai.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2398.
Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a. se riwayat hai ke Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya : "Koi momin aisa nahi Jis se mujh ko sabse zayada qareeb ka rishta na ho. Agar chahte ho to yeh aayat parh lo : "Nabi Ahal imaan se unki jaano se bhi zayada qareebi rishta rakhte hain". Lehaza jo koi momin mar jaye aur maal chor jaye toh wo uske khandaan ko milega jo uske waris ho. Aur jo koi qarz ya ayaal chor jaye toh wo mere pass aaye mein uska bandobast karne wala ho" .
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2399.
BAAB: 12. MAALDAAR KA ( QARZ KHAWA SE) TAAL MATOOL KARNA ZAYADTI HAl
Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a. se riwayat hai , unhone kaha ke RasoolAllah ﷺ ne farmaya : "Maaldaar (wealthy person) ka taal matool (delay[in payment]) karna sareeh zulm hai".
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2400.
BAAB: 13. HAQDAR KO KUCH KAHNE ( TAAN WA MALAMAT KARNE) KA HAQ HAl
Nabi ﷺ se yeh maqool hai : 'Jo shaksh qudrat ke bawajood taal matool karta hai, uska yeh rawaiyya, usey saza dene aur uski beizzati karne ko halal kardeta hai'. Sufyan kahte hai: Uski izzat ka halal hona yeh hai ke qarz khawa usey kahe ke tu mere saath sirf taal matool kar rahe ho. Aur saza se muraad use qaid karna hai.
Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a. se riwayat hai ke Nabi ﷺ ke pass ek shaksh apne haq ka mutabla karne ke Iiye hazir hua. Usne haq-talbi mein Aapke sath kuch sakht andaaz ikhtyar kiya toh sahaba karaam r.a. ne uski gaushali karne (Usey saza dene) ka irada kiya. Aapne farmaya : "Usey chor do. Beshak sahab e haq ko ( Karwi kaseeli ) baatein karne ka haq hai".
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No. 43 Hadith 2401.
BAAB: 14. JAB KOI SHAKSH APNA MAAL AZQASAM BEAA , QARZ OR AMANAT KISI DIWALIYA SHAKSH KE PASS PAYE TOH WO USKA ZAYADA HAQDAR HAl
Imam Hasan Basri r.h ne kaha: Jab koi diwaliya hojaye aur uska diwaliya pan hakim ke nazdik sabit ho jaye toh uska gulam ko azaad karna aur khareed wa farokht karna jayez hi nahin. Hazrat Saeed Bin Musayyab ne kaha ke Hazrat Usman r.a. ke faisle ke mutabiq jisne kisi diwaliya hone se pahle apna haq le liya wo uska hai aur jisne bayeena apna maal pahchaan liya wo uska zayada haqdar hai.
Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a. se riwayat hai, unhone kaha ke main ne RasoolAllah ﷺ ko ye farmate huye suna : "Jisne apna maal hoo-bahu kisi shaksh ke pass paye jo diwalaiya ho gaya hai toh wo dusron ki nisbat uska zayada haqdar hai".
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2402.
BAAB : 15. AGAR KlSI MAALDAR NE QARZ KHAWA KO KAL YA PARSO TAK MO'AKHAR KIYA TOH AlSA KARNA TAAL MATOOL NAHIN HOGA
Hazrat Jabir r.a. bayan karte hain ke mere baap ke zimme qarz ke mamle mein qarz khawaon ne haqooq talbi mein sakhti ki toh Nabi ﷺ ne unse farmaya ke wo mere baagh ke Fal qubool kar lein Lekin unhone us peshkash ko mushtarad kar diya. Aap ﷺ ne na toh unhein baagh diya aur na Fal hi tur kar unke hawale kiye balke Aapne farmaya : "Main kal tumhare pass aaunga'. Jab dusre din subha ke waqt aap tashreef laye aur baagh ke phalon mein barkat ki dua farmayi toh main ne unka qarz pura pura ada kar diya.
BAAB: 16. JISNE DIWALIYA YA MUHTAJ KA MAAL FAROKHAT KAR KE QARZ KHAWANO MEIN TAQSEEM KARDIYA YA ISI KO DE DIYA TAAKEH WO APNI ZAAT PAR KHARCH KARE
Hazrat Jabir Bin Abdullah r.a. se riwayat hai , unhone kaha ke ek shaksh ne apne marne ke baad apne Ghulam Apne maut ke sath azaad karne ke liye kaha. Nabi ﷺ ne famaya ki is gulam ko mujhse kaun kharidta hai ? Toh usey Hazrat Naeem Bin Abdullah r.a. ne kharid liyaa. aap uski qeemat wasool karke malik ko wapas kardi.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2403.
BAAB: 17. MUQARRAR MUDDAT TAK QARZ DENA YA KHARID WA FAROKHAT MEIN QEEMAT KI
WASOOLI KO MOAKHAR KARNA
Hazrat Ibn Umar r.a. ne kaha : Ek muayyan muddat tak qarz dene mein koi harj nahin, nez usmein bhi koi qabahat nahin ke kisi shaksh ko diye huy diraham se acche dirham wapis milein bashart hai ke pahle se yeh baat taye shuda na ho. Hazrat Ata aur Umar wa Bin Dinar ne kaha hai ke Qarz mein Qarz lene wala apni muqarrah muddat ka paband hoga.
Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a. se riwayat hai, wo RasoolAllah ﷺ se bayan karte hain ke aap ne Bani Israel ke ek shaksh ka zikr kiya. Usne ek dusre Bani Israel se qarz talab kiya toh usne muqarrah muddat tak ke liye usey qarz de diya. Phir aage puri hadees bayan ki.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book N0.43 Hadith 2404.
BAAB 18- QARZ MEIN KAMI KARNAY KE LIYE SAFARISH KARNA
Hazrat Jabir Bin Abdullah r.a. se riwayat hai, unhone kaha ke (Mere walid garami) Hazrat Abdullah r.a. ki jab shahadat huyi toh wo apne peeche bahut se ayaal aur qarz chor gaye. Main ne qarz khawaon se guzarish ki ke wo kuch qarz muaff kar de lekin unhone inkar kar diya. Main Nabi ﷺ ki khidmat mein hazir hua aur qarz khawano se sifarish karne ki darkhawast ki lekin unhone Aap ﷺ ki safarish ko bhi thukra diya. Us par Aap ﷺ ne farmaya : "Tum apni khajuron ki har qism ko alag alag kardo: Aaza bin Zaid alag, Lean alayadah aur Ajwa ek taraf rakho, phir unlogo ko bulao hatta ke mein bhi aajaun". Main ne aisa hi kiya. Fir Aap ﷺ tashreef laye aur khajur ke dher ke pass baith gaye aur har qarz khwa ko naap kar diya hatta ke sara qarz ada kar diya aur khajurein isi tarah baaqi rahein jis tarah pahle the, goya unko haath bhi nahin lagaya tha.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No. 43 Hadith 2405.
Hazrat Jabir r.a. bayan karte hain ke main ne Nabi ﷺ ke hamrah ek Oonth par Jihad kiya. Wo Oonth thak haar kar logon se peeche reh gaya. Nabi ﷺ ne usey peeche se chhari maari aur farmaya : "Isey mere haath farokht kar do .
Taa-ham tumhein Madine tak uspar safar karne ki ijazat hogi". Jab hum Madine gaye aur bataya ke aye Allah ke Rasool Main ne nayi nayi shadi ki hai. Aap ﷺ ne daryaft farmaya : "Kuwari se nikah kiya hai ya Bewa se?" Main ne arz kiya: Bewa se shadi ki hai wo us liye ke (mere walid garami) Hazrat Abdullah r.a. Shaheed ho gaye toh unhone chhoti chhoti bachiyaan chhaurein, us liye main ne ek bewa se shadi ki taake wo unhein taleem de aur tahzeeb sikhaye. Phir aapne farmaya : 'Tum apne Ahal Khana ke haan Jao'. Main ne ghar aakar apne mamu ko apna Oonth farokhat karne ka bataya toh unhone mujhe bari Mulamat ki. Main ne use apne Oonth ke thak jane ka Nabi ﷺ ne jo kuch kiya uske nez usey chhari marne ka waqiah sunaya. Hazrat Jabir r.a. kahte hain ke Nabi ﷺ jab tashreef laye toh subah ke waqt main bhi aapki khidmat mein oonth le kar hazir hua. Aapne mujhe oonth ki qeemat di aur oonth bhi wapas kar diya , uske alawa logon ke saath (Maal e Ganeemat mein) mera hissa bhi de diya.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book N0.43 Hadith 2406.
BAAB: 19. MAAL ZAYA KARNE Kl MUMANAAT
Hazrat Abdullah Bin Umar r.a. se riwayat hai, Unhone kaha ke ek aadmi Nabi ﷺ ki khidmat mein hazir hua aur arz karne laga ke main lain-dain mein bahut dhokha kha jata hu. Aapne farmaya : "Jab tum kisi se mamla karo toh kah diya karo ke koi dhokha nahin hoga". Chunanche uske baad me wo shaksh mamla karte waqt yeh (alfaz) ada karta tha.
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2407.
Hazrat Mughira bin Shuba r.a. se riwayat hai, unhone kaha ke Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya : 'Allah ne tum par maao (mother) ki nafarmani aur larkiyon ko zinda garna (bury) ko haram kar diya hai. Huqooq ada na karna aur dusron ke samne haath failana bhi haram kar diya hai, nez tumhare liye fuzool guftagu, kasrat sawal aur barbaadi maal ko napasand kiya hai".
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2408.
BAAB : 20. GHULAM APNE AAQA KE MAAL KA NIGRAN HAl USEY BILA IJAZAT (US MEIN) TASRUF NAHI KARNA CHAHIYE
Hazrat Abdullah Bin Umar r.a. se riwayat hai , unhone RasoolAllah ﷺ ko yeh farmate huye suna : "Tum mein se har shaksh nigraan hai aur us se uski ruyyat(responsibility) ke mutalliq usse sawal hoga. Hakim waqt nigran hai aur wo apni ruyyat ke bare me sawal hoga. Aadmi apne ghar mein nigraan hai, usse uske ahal khana ke mutalliq sawal kiya jayega. Aurat apne khawind ke ghar mein hukumat rakhti hai aur us se uski ruyyat ke mutalliq pucha jayega.
Aur khadim apne Aaqa ke maal mein hukumat rakhta hai, use bhi uske mutalliq sawal hoga.
Hazrat Ibn Umar r.a. kahte hain ke unlogon ka zikr toh main ne RasoolAllah ﷺ se suna tha, mera khayal me hai ki Nabi ﷺ ne yun bhi farmaya : " Beta apne baap ke maal mein akhtayar rakhta hai , usse uski zimmadari ke mutalliq
sawal hoga. Algarz tum mein se har ek nigraan hai aur har ek se uski ruyyat ke mutalliq zarur pucha jayegaa".
Sahih Al Bukhari,
Vol.2 Book No.43 Hadith 2409.
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