39. KITAAB-UL-KAFALAH

39. KITAAB-UL-KAFALAH

(1) BAAB : QARZON KE MUTALLIQ SHAKHSI AUR MAALI ZAMANAT

۞ Hazrat Hamza Bin Umro Aslami r.a. se riwayat hai ke Hazrat Umar r.a. ne unhe zaakat ka tehseel daar bana kar bheja. wahan ek aadmi ne apni biwi ki laundi se zina kar liya to Hazrat Hamza r.a. ne zaani mard se zamanat li aur khud Hazrat Umar r.a. ke pass aaye, halanke Hazrat Umar r.a. isse pahle sau (100) kodhe maar chuke the. Is aadmi ne logon ke ilzaam ki tazdeek ki aur jurm qubool kiya tha lekin jahalat ka uzr pesh kiya tha.
Hazrat Jareer aur Ash'ash ne Hazrat Abdullah Bin Masood r.a. se murtadeen ke mutalliq kaha ke in se tauba karayen aur zamanat len (ke dobara murtad nahi honge), chunanche unhone tauba ki aur unke kunbe walo ne unki zamanat di. Hazrat Hamaad ne kaha : Jis shakhs ne kisi shakhs (ko haazir karne) ki zamanat uthayi ho, agar wo marr jaaye to zaamin par kuch taawaan nahi hoga jab ke Hazrat Hakam ne kaha hai ke wo zimme daar hoga.

Sahih al-Bukhari, 2290
Vol. 2, Book 39, Hadith 2290

۞ Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a. se riwayat hai wo Rasool Allah ﷺ se bayaan karte hain ke Aap ne Bani Israel ke ek aadmi ka zikr kiya jisne Bani Israel ke kisi dusre shakhs se ek hazaar dinaar qarz maanga to usne kaha ke gawahon ko lao taake yeh khateer raqam unke saamne du. qarz maangne wale ne kaha : Allah ki shahadat kaafi hai. usne kaha : Achcha koi zaamin lao to phir qarz lene wale ne kaha : Allah ki zamanat kaafi hai, chunanche usne ek muttaien muddat ke liye ek hazaar dinaar ba-taur qarz uske hawale kar diye. Phir jisne qarz liya tha usne samundar ka safar kiya aur apna kaam pura karke koi jahaaz talaash karta raha jis par sawaar ho kar muttaien waqt par qarz khwah ke paas pahuch jaaye lekin koi jahaaz na mila. Aakhir usne ek lakdi le kar ise khokhla kiya, phir ek hazaar dinaar aur qarz khwah ke naam ek khat likh kar isme rakh diya. uske baad lakdi ko upar se band karke samundar par aaya aur kahne laga : Ya Allah ! tu jaanta hai ke maine falaan shakhs se hazaar dinaar qarz liya tha, usne mujhse zamanat maangi to maine kaha ke Allah Ta'ala ki zamanat kaafi hai, chunanche wo tujhse raazi ho gaya aur usne mujhse gawah bhi maange the, to maine kaha tha : Allah gawah kaafi hai. Wo teri gawahi par bhi raazi ho gya tha. Maine bahut koshish ki ke koi jahaaz mil jaaye taake mai uska qarz waade ke mutabik ada kardu lekin koi jahaaz na mil saka. Ab mai yeh maal tere supurd karta hu. yeh keh kar usne wo lakdi samundar mein phek di yahan tak wo samundar me doob gayi aur wo khud waapas chala aaya aur is muddat me sawari talaash karta rahta ke apne shahar jaaye. dusri taraf wo shakhs jisne qarz diya tha baahar nikla taake dekhe shayad koi jahaaz aaye aur uska maal laaye. itne mein ek lakdi dikhayi di jisme maal tha. Wo use ghar mein jalane ke liye le aaya. Jab use faara to usme apna maal aur khat paaya. Phir wo shakhs bhi aa pahucha jisne qarz liya tha aur ek hazaar dinaar pesh karke maazrat karne laga ke Allah ki Qasam ! mai barabar jahaaz ki talaash me rahta taake tumhara qarz ada kar du magar jis jahaaz mein ab aaya hun, isse pahle koi jahaaz na pa saka. Qarz khwah ne pucha : kya tune isse pahle mere paas kuch bheja tha ? Maqrooz ne kaha : mai tumhe bata raha hu ke mai jis jahaaz mein aaya hun isse pahle mujhe koi jahaaz nahi mila. Qarz khwah ne kaha: Allah Ta'ala ne teri is amaanat ko mujhe pahucha diya jo tune lakdi me bheji thi, chunanche ab tu hazaar dinaar le kar ba-khushi waapas chala jaa.

Sahih al-Bukhari, 2291
Vol. 2, Book 39, Hadith 2291

(2) BAAB : IRSHAD-E-BAARI TA'ALA : "AUR JIN LOGON SE TUM NE QASAM UTHA KAR AHAD KIYA TO UNKO UNKA HISSA DO" KA BAYAAN

۞ Hazrat Ibn-e-Abbas r.a. se riwayat hai ke "aur hum ne har ek ke liye mowali thehraye hain." is mein mowali se muraad waaris hain aur "jin se tumne qasam utha kar paimaan baandha" iske mutalliq wo kahte hai ke Muhajreen jab Madina Taiyyaba aaye to Nabi ﷺ ne unme aur Ansaar me bhai chaara kara diya, chunanche Muhajir, Nabi ﷺ ke karaaye huye is muwakhaat ke sabab Ansaari ka tarkaa paata aur iske rishte daaron ko kuch na milta. Aur jab yeh aayat "Hum ne har ek ke mowali thehrai hain" naazil huyi to usne mazkurah ijazat, "aur jin logon se qasam utha kar ahad-o-paimaan kiya inhe inka hissa do" mansookh ho gayi. Phir Hazrat Ibn-e-Abbas r.a. ne farmaya ke ab (والذین عاقدت ایماکم) ki roo se sirf madad, muaawnat aur khairkhwahi ki gunjaish baaki rahi aur wiraasat mein hissa paane ka haqq jaata raha, albatta inke liye wasiyat ki jaa sakti hai.

Sahih al-Bukhari, 2292
Vol. 2, Book 39, Hadith 2292

۞ Hazrat Anas r.a. se riwayat hai, unhone farmaya ke jab Abdur Rahman Bin Aauf r.a. tashreef laaye to Rasool Allah ﷺ ne inme aur Hazrat Sa'ad Bin Rabiya mein bhai chaara karwa diya.

Sahih al-Bukhari, 2293
Vol. 2, Book 39, Hadith 2293

۞ Hazrat Aasim se riwayat hai, wo kahte hain ke maine Hazrat Anas r.a. se arz kiya : kya aap ko yeh baat pahuchi hai ke Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya : "Islam me aqad half ki koi haisiyat nahi hai ?" to unhone jawab diya ke Rasool Allah ﷺ ne Quraish aur ansaar mein ahad-o-paimaan mere apne ghar mein karaya tha.

Sahih al-Bukhari, 2294
Vol. 2, Book 39, Hadith 2294

(3) BAAB : JO SHAKHS MAIYYAT KE QARZ KI ZAMANAT DE TO WO US SE RUJOO NAHI KAR SAKTA

۞ Hazrat Salma Bin Akwaah se riwayat hai ke Nabi ﷺ ke paas ek janaza laaya gaya taake Aap ispar namaz-e-janaza padhen. Aap ne pucha : "kya is par qarz hai ?" logon ne arz kiya : Nahi. To aap ne is par namaz-e-janaza padhi. Phir ek aur janaza laaya gaya to Aap ne pucha : "kya is par qarz hai ?" logon ne kaha : Haan. Aap ne farmaya: "tum apne saathi ki namaz-e-janaza padh lo" Hazrat Abu Qatada r.a. ne arz kiya : Allah ke Rasool ! Mai iska qarz apne zimme leta hun. tab aapne iski namaz-e-janaza padhi.

Sahih al-Bukhari, 2295
Vol. 2, Book 39, Hadith 2295

۞ Hazrat Jaabir bin Abdullah r.a. se riwayat hai, unhone kaha ke Nabi ﷺ ne (mujhse) farmaya : agar behreen ka kharaaj aaya to mai tujhe is tarah (dono lapp bhar kar) dunga lekin behreen ka kharaaj aane se pahle hi Nabi ﷺ wafaat paa gayen. Jab behreen ka kharaaj aaya to Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a. ne munaadi karayi ke Nabi ﷺ ne jis se koi waada kiya ho ya uska Aap par qarz ho to wo hamare paas aaye, chunanche mai aapke paas gaya aur arz kiya : Nabi ﷺ ne mujhe itna itna dene ka waada kiya tha to unhone mujhe lapp bhar rupiye diye. maine inhe gina to paanch sau (500) the. Unhone farmaya : Isse do guna (mazeed) le lo.

Sahih al-Bukhari, 2296
Vol. 2, Book 39, Hadith 2296

(4) BAAB : RASOOL ALLAH ﷺ KE ZAMAANE MEIN HAZRAT ABU BAKR R.A. KO (EK MUSHRIK KA) PANAAH DENA AUR ISKE SAATH AAPKA AHAD KARNA

۞ Nabi ﷺ ki zaujaah Mohtarma (umm-ul-momineen) Hazrat Ayesha r.a. se riwayat hai, unhone farmaya ke maine jab se hosh sambhala apne waledain ko isi deen Islam par paaya aur ham par koi din nahi guzarta tha magar Rasool ﷺ subah-o-shaam dono waqt hamare yahan tashreef laate the. jab Musalmano ka ibtla bahut shadeed ho gaya to Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a. Habsaah ki taraf hijrat karne nikle yahan tak ka jab wo "Barak-ul-gimaad" pahuche to unhe Ibn-e-Dageenah mila jo Qaarah qabile ka sardar tha. Usne pucha : Aye Abu Bakr ! Kahan ka irada hai ? Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a. ne jawaab diya ke meri qaum ne mujhe nikaal diya hai to mai chahta hun ke Allah ki zameen mein ghoom phir kar uski ibadat karta rahun. Ibn-e-Dageenah ne kaha : Tum jaisa koi shakhs na nikalta hai aur na hi nikaala jaata hai kyunki tum ghareebon ki a'aanat karte ho, sila rahmi karte ho, logon ka baar (bojh) uthaate ho, mehmaan ko khana khilaate ho aur haqq par saabit rahne ki wajah se kisi par aane wale masayel-o-mushkilaat mein unki madad karte ho. Aao mai tumhe panaah deta hun. Ghar waapas chale aao aur apne shahar mein apne Rabb ki ibadat karo, chunanche Ibn-e-Dageenah wahan se rawana hua aur Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a. ke saath waapas aa gaya. Uske baad Ibn-e-Dageenah ghoom phir kar Kuffar-e-Quraish ke sardaron se mila aur unse kahne laga ke Abu Bakr r.a. jaisa insaan na khud nikal sakta hai aur na hi use nikaala jaa sakta hai. Kya tum aise shakhs ko yahan se nikalne par majboor karte ho jo bebas logon ke liye kamayi karta hai, sila rahmi karta hai, aajiz aur majboor logon ka bojh uthaata hai, mehmaano ko khana khilaata hai aur haqq par saabit qadam rahne wale par aane wali mushkilaat mein uski madad karta hai ? Chunanche Quraish ne Ibn-e-Dageenah ki panaah ko maan liya aur Abu Bakr r.a. ko amaan de di lekin Ibn-e-Dageenah se unhone kaha ke aap inhe khabrdaar kar den ke wo apne ghar mein apne Rabb ki ibadat karen, Namaz padhen aur jo kuch chahen qira'at karen magar hume azeehat na den aur na uska elaan hi karen kyunki hume andesha hai ke wo hamare bachchon aur auraton ko fitna mein mubtala kar denge. Ibn-e-Dageenah ne yeh sab kuch Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a. se kah diya. Uske baad Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a. apne ghar mein ibadat karne age aur elaaniya apne ghar ke siwa kisi dusri jagah Namaz aur Qur'an padhna chhor diya. Phir unhe khayal aaya to unhone apne ghar ke sehan mein masjid bana li aur baahar nikal kar wahan Namaz padhna shuru kardi. Wo jab wahan Qur'an padhte to unke paas mushrikeen ke bachchon aur auraton ka hujoom ho jaata. Wo ta'ajjub karte aur inhe gaur se dekhte. Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a. bahut rone wale insaan the. wo jab Qur'an padhte to apne aansuo par qaabu nahi rakh sakte the, is cheez ne mushrikeen ke sardaron ko ghabrahat mein daal diya tha to unhone Ibn-e-Dageenah ko paighaam bheja. Wo aaya to unhone us se kaha : Humne Abu Bakr ko is shart par amaan di thi ke wo apne ghar mein apne Rabb ki ibadat karen lekin unhone is se aage ek qadam badha liya aur apne ghar ke sehan mein masjid bana li hai, isme elaaniya taur par Namaz padhne aur Qur'an ki tilawat karne lage hain. Hume khatra hai ke wo is tarah hamare bachchon aur auraton ko fitne mein mubtala kar denge. Tum unke paas jaao agar wo apne ghar mein apne Rabb ki ibadat karne par qana'at karen to theek hai aur agar wo is par raazi nahi aur elaaniya ibadat karna chahte hain to unse kah do ke wo tumhe tumhara ahad (aur zimma) waapas kar den kyunki hume tumhari aamaan ko torna achcha maloom nahi hota aur na hume Abu Bakr ka is tarah elaaniya ibadat karna hi gawara hai. Hazrat Ayesha r.a. farmati hain ke Ibn-e-Dageenah Abu Bakr r.a. ke paas aaya aur kahne laga : Aap jaante hain ke jis shart par maine aapka zimma liya tha ya to aap is shart par qaayam rahen ba-surat digar mera zimma mere hawale kar den kyunki yeh baat mujhe qat'an gawara nahi ke Ahl-e-Arab ke yahan is baat ka charcha ho  ke maine ek shakhs ka zimma liya tha jisko tor diya gaya. Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a. ne kaha : Tera zimma tere hawale karta hun aur Allah Ta'ala ki panaah par raazi hun. Rasool Allah ﷺ is waqt Makkah mein hi the, Aap ﷺ ne farmaya : " Mujhe tumhari hijrat ka maqaam dikhaya gaya hai. Maine do (2) patthrile maidano ke darmiyan khajoor ke darakhton par mustamil kalar wali zameen dekhi hai." Jab Musalmano ne Rasool Allah ﷺ ki yeh baat suni to jin logon (musalmano) ne hijrat karni chahi wo Madina Taiyyaba ki taraf hijrat kar gaye aur ba'az log (Sahaba-e-Kiraam r.a.) jo hijrat karke Habsaah chale gaye the wo bhi Madina ki taraf laut aayen. Hazrat Abu Bakr siddique r.a. ne bhi hijrat ki taiyyari shuru kar di to Rasool Allah ﷺ ne inhe farmaya : "Abhi zara thehro (jaldi na karo) kyunki umeed hai ke mujhe bhi hijrat ki ijazat mil jayegi." Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a. ne arz kiya : Mere Maa Baap aap par qurban hon ! Kya aap bhi hijrat ke umeedwaar hain ? Aapne farmaya : "Haan." To Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a. aapke saath hijrat karne ke liye ruk gayen, chunanche unhone do (2) ootniyan is safar ke liye khaas taur par rakhen aur chaar (4) mahine tak unhe keekar ke patte ba-taur  chaara khilaate rahen.

Sahih al-Bukhari, 2297
Vol. 2, Book 39, Hadith 2297

(5) BAAB : QARZ KA BAYAAN

۞Hazrat Abu Hurairah r.a. se riwayat hai ke jab Rasool Allah ﷺ ke paas koi Maiyyat laayi jaati jis par qarz hota to aap poochte : "Kya isne qarz ki adaiygi ke liye kuch maal chhora hai ?" Agar bayaan kiya jaata ke isne itna maal chhora hai jis se qarz ki adaiygi ho sakti hai to Aap iski namaz-e-janaza padh dete warna musalmano se kah dete : "Tum apne saathi ki namaz-e-janaza padho." Jab Allah Ta'ala ne Aap par fatuhaat ke darwaje khol diye to Aapne farmaya : "Mai Ahl-e-Imaan par khud un se bhi zyada haqq rakhta hun, lehaja jo koi momin faut ho jaaye aur wo qarz chhor jaaye to uski adaiygi mere zimme hogi aur jo maal chhore wo iska waariso ke liye hai."

Sahih al-Bukhari, 2298
Vol. 2, Book 39, Hadith 2298.